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Compound Particles

Compound Particles

How to Express Conditions: によって, 次第で, に応じて, を問わず, にかかわらず, なしで, and なしに

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08

Last time, you learned how to express various means and standards, e.g. “電でん気きによって車くるまを動うごかしています (I’m moving a car by using electricity),” and “規き制せいに沿そって車くるまを輸ゆ出しゅつしました (I exported a car following the regulations).” The compound particles, which are によって and に沿そって, have a single particle counterpart, で . In this lesson, you will learn some compound particles which don’t […]

Compound Particles

Expressions for Means and Standards: によって, を通じて, にて, に沿って, 基づいて, and 即して

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07

Last time, you learned various expressions for space and time, e.g. “８月はちがつをもってアメリカへ帰き国こくします (I will return to the US in August),” and “ボブは１０じゅっ歳さいにしてプログラムを始はじめました (Surprisingly, Bob started programming when he was 10 years old).” They are interchangeable with the particle で, but have more detailed nuances with high formality. In this lesson, we would like to continue […]

Compound Particles

Expressions for Space and Time: において, にて, をもって, にかけて, にわたって, and を通じて

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06

Last time, you learned various ways to express reasons, e.g. “地じ震しんによって家いえが壊こわれました (The house was destroyed due to the earthquake),” and “大雨おおあめにつき今日きょうはお休やすみします (We will be closed today due to the heavy rain).” In this lesson, you will learn compound particles which are related to another function of the particle で. How to Express Space and Time […]

Compound Particles

How to Express Various Reasons: によって, につき, おかげで, and せいで

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05

Last time, you learned how to express various targets, e.g. “学生がくせいに対たいして厳きびしい質問しつもんをした (I asked students a tough question),” and “教きょう育いくに関かんしての質問しつもんでした (It was a question regarding education).” Compound particles enable you to express detailed nuances with a high level of formality. In this lesson, you will learn ones related to reasons and causation. Compound Particle Counterparts to […]

Compound Particles

Japanese Compound Particle Table

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Japanese Compound Particle Plain Form Polite Form Conjunctive Form Form to Modify Noun End of Sentence に対して に対しまして に対し に対しての / に対する – について につきまして – についての – に関して に関しまして – に関しての / に関する – をめぐって をめぐりまして をめぐり をめぐっての / をめぐる – *にかかわる – – にかかわる – によって によりまして により による よる につき につきまして – […]

Compound Particles

How to Express Various Targets: に対して, について, and にかかわる

  • by Wasabi Admin
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04

You have entered a new section named “Compound Particles.” In Japanese grammar, particles determine the role of nouns, e.g. the topic particle は and the parallel marker と. However, there are some words which can substitute for particles, which we call “Compound Particles.” They basically consist of a particle and the te-form of a verb […]